Method of using polishing or grinding pad assembly

ABSTRACT

A floor polishing or grinding pad assembly is provided. In one aspect, a polishing or grinding pad assembly employs a fibrous pad, a reinforcement layer or ring, and multiple floor-contacting disks. In another aspect, the reinforcement layer includes a central hole through which the fibrous pad is accessible and the fibrous pad at the hole has a linear dimension greater than a linear dimension of one side of the adjacent reinforcement layer. In yet another aspect, at least one of the floor-contacting disks has an angle offset from that of a base surface of the disk, the fibrous pad and/or the reinforcement layer. A further aspect employs a smaller set of disks alternating between and/or offset from a larger set of the disks. In another aspect, the reinforcement layer includes a wavy or undulating internal edge shape.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/927,560, filed Mar. 21, 2018, which is a Continuation of PCT PatentApplication Serial No. PCT/US2016/053355, filed Sep. 23, 2016, whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/232,123, filed on Sep. 24, 2015, all of which are incorporated byreference herein.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

The disclosure relates generally to a pad assembly and more particularlyto a floor polishing or grinding pad assembly.

It is known to use fibrous pads for polishing and grinding floors withinindustrial or commercial buildings. Such polishing or grinding pads areideally suited for use on concrete, terrazzo, and natural (e.g.,marble), engineered and composite stone floors. Examples of such padsand the powered machines used to rotate such can be found in thefollowing U.S. patents and patent publication numbers: 2011/0300784entitled “Flexible and Interchangeable Multi-Head Floor Polishing DiskAssembly” which was invented by Tchakarov et al. and published on Dec.8, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 9,174,326 entitled “Arrangement For FloorGrinding” which issued to Ahonen on Nov. 3, 2015; U.S. Pat. No.6,234,886 entitled “Multiple Abrasive Assembly and Method” which issuedto Rivard et al. on May 22, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,493 entitled“Stone Polishing Apparatus and Method” which issued to Donatelli et al.on Feb. 25, 1997; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,054,245 entitled “Combination ofCleaning Pads, Cleaning Pad Mounting Members and a Base Member for aRotary Cleaning Machine” which issued to Coty on Oct. 8, 1991. All ofthese patents and the patent publication are incorporated by referenceherein.

Notwithstanding, improved floor polishing and grinding performance isdesired. Furthermore, some of these prior constructions exhibit unevenwear in use which prematurely destroy the pads or cause inconsistentpolishing or grinding.

In accordance with the present invention, a floor polishing or grindingpad assembly is provided. In one aspect, a polishing or grinding padassembly employs a fibrous pad, a reinforcement layer or ring, andmultiple floor-contacting disks. In another aspect, the reinforcementlayer includes a central hole through which the fibrous pad isaccessible and the fibrous pad at the hole has a linear dimensiongreater than a linear dimension of one side of the adjacentreinforcement layer. In yet another aspect, at least one of thefloor-contacting disks has an angle offset from that of a base surfaceof the disk, the fibrous pad and/or the reinforcement layer. A furtheraspect employs a smaller set of disks alternating between and/or offsetfrom a larger set of the disks. In another aspect, the reinforcementlayer includes a wavy or undulating internal edge shape. Still anotheraspect includes different abrasive and/or floor-contacting patterns onthe disks. A method of using a fibrous pad employing multiple polishingor grinding disks is also presented.

The present pad assembly is advantageous over traditional devices. Forexample, some of the disk configurations, such as disk angles and/oroffset placement of disks, of the present pad assembly advantageouslycreate more consistent wear characteristics when polishing or grinding,thereby increasing their useful life and consistency of polishing orgrinding. These angles cause more even inner and outer wear of thefloor-facing side of the pad assembly. Furthermore, the present padassembly advantageously allows greater floor contact with the fibrouspad within a centralized area generally surrounded by the disks, invarious of the present aspects, which is expected to improve polishingor grinding performance. In other configurations of the present padassembly, the disk patterns, disk quantities, disk-to-disk locations andinner edge shapes of the reinforcement layer may provide improved liquidabrasive flow characteristics during polishing or grinding. Thepreassembled nature of the fibrous pad, reinforcement ring or layer, andthe abrasive disks makes the present pad assembly considerably easier toinstall on a floor polishing or grinding machine than many priorconstructions. Additional advantages and features of the presentinvention will be readily understood from the following description,claims and appended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a bottom perspective view showing a first embodiment of thepad assembly;

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view showing a fibrous pad employed in allembodiments of the pad assembly;

FIG. 3 is a bottom elevational view showing a reinforcement ring layerand abrasive disks employed with the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view showing the first embodiment padassembly;

FIG. 5 is an exploded bottom perspective view showing the firstembodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 6A is a bottom perspective view showing the ring layer and pademployed in the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 6B is a bottom elevational view showing a disk pattern employedwith the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 6C is a bottom elevational view showing another disk patternemployed with the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 6D is a bottom elevational view showing another disk patternemployed with the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 6E is a bottom elevational view showing another disk patternemployed with the first embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 7 is a partially exploded top perspective view showing the firstembodiment pad assembly and a powered machine;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic bottom elevational view showing the firstembodiment pad assembly and powered machine;

FIG. 9 is a bottom elevational view showing a second embodiment of thepad assembly;

FIG. 10 is a bottom elevational view showing the second embodiment padassembly;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 10,showing the second embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective view showing a third embodiment of thepad assembly;

FIG. 13 is a bottom elevational view showing the third embodiment padassembly;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 14-14 of FIG. 13,showing the third embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of thepad assembly;

FIG. 16 is a bottom elevational view showing the fourth embodiment padassembly;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 17-17 of FIG. 16,showing the fourth embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 18-18 of FIG. 16,showing the fourth embodiment pad assembly;

FIG. 19 is a bottom perspective view showing a fifth embodiment of thepad assembly;

FIG. 20 is a bottom elevational view showing the fifth embodiment padassembly;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 20,showing the fifth embodiment pad assembly; and

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view, like that of FIG. 21, showing a sixthembodiment of the pad assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A pad assembly 10 according to one embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1-5. Padassembly 10 may be used for grinding or polishing composite surfaces,such as concrete. Pad assembly 10 includes a wear-resistant base pad 12,which may be a porous, fibrous, flexible, and deformable material,including natural and/or artificial fibers. Base pad 12 is generallycircular, having a diameter and a thickness. Of course, base pad 12could be made in other sizes.

A reinforcement ring or layer 14 is secured to one side of base pad 12,such as by adhesive. The reinforcement ring 14 is generally annularhaving a central opening 18 with a diameter (for example, approximately8 inches). Reinforcement ring 14 may be a rigid rubber or plastic havinga thickness greater than zero and up to 0.125 inch. Reinforcement ringor layer 14 reinforces and adds some stiffness and toughness to theouter portion of pad 12, however, ring or layer 14 allows someflexibility to pad assembly 10 so it can flex with and follow any floorimperfections thereby producing uniform floor contact for polishing orgrinding.

A circular internal edge 17 of reinforcement ring 14 defines a centralopening or hole 18 which exposes a central surface 20 of base pad 12.Central surface 20 of base pad 12 may be impregnated with diamondparticles or other abrasive materials. Central surface 20 of the basepad 12 may also be painted a color indicating a quality of the padassembly 10, such as the coarseness. Base pad 12 and ring 14 preferablyhave circular peripheral surfaces 19 and 21, respectively.

A plurality of abrasive tools or floor-contacting disks 16 are securedto the outer surface of the reinforcement ring 14. In the example shown,abrasive tools 16 are approximately 2 inch disks of diamond particles ina polymeric resin matrix. In the example shown, six such abrasive toolsor disks 16 are secured about the circumference of reinforcement ring14. Different sizes and different compositions of abrasive tools ordisks 16 could be used. Tools or disks 16 are adhesively bonded to ring14.

FIG. 2 shows base pad 12. Again, different base pads 12 could be used,but the example shown is a wear-resistant base pad 12 having a diameterof approximately 14 inches and a thickness of approximately one inch.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of reinforcement ring 14 with the plurality ofabrasive tools or disks 16 secured thereto. FIG. 4 is a side view ofpolishing pad 10 of FIG. 1. As shown, reinforcement ring 14 is securedto base pad 12. The plurality of abrasive tools or disks 16 are securedto reinforcement ring 14. FIG. 5 is an exploded view of polishing pad ofFIG. 1, showing base pad 12, reinforcement ring 14 and the plurality ofabrasive tools or disks 16.

As shown in FIGS. 6A-6E, many different types of abrasive tools or disks16 and 16 a-c could be secured to reinforcement ring 14. As can beviewed in FIG. 6B, tool or disk 16 a has a floor-contacting and abrasivepattern 30 consisting of multiple concentric circles 32, preferably atleast 3 and more preferably 4, intersected by straight radial spokes 34and 36. Spokes 34 linearly extend from an innermost circle to anoutermost and peripheral tapered circle while spokes 36 are radiallyshorter and linearly extend from an intermediate circle to theperipheral circle. The spokes are equally spaced about the entire disk.Spokes 34 and 36 are aligned with a centerline 41. Circles 32 and spokes34 and 36 are preferably grooves or channels molded below a generallyflat nominal surface 38 which contacts against the floor during use. Acenter 40 is solid and without a hole therein, although in an alternatearrangement a through hole may be provided at the center but some of thefunctional advantages may not be fully achieved.

FIG. 6C shows another exemplary tool or disk 16. This embodiment employsat least 10, and more preferably at least 30 concentrically circulargrooves 42 between which are raised circular ridges defining a generallyflat and planar nominal surface which contacts against the buildingfloor when in use. A center 44 is solid and without a through hole,although it is alternately envisioned that a small through hole may beprovided but some of the functional advantages may not be fullyachieved.

FIG. 6D illustrates yet another embodiment of tool or disk 16 b. Thisexemplary embodiment provides multiple circular grooves 46, arranged ina concentric pattern. At least 4 and more preferably 7 arcuately curvedspokes 48, of an elongated nature, and at least 4 and more preferably 7,arcuately curved shortened spokes 50 intersect circular grooves 46.Spokes 48 and 50 are channels or grooves which outwardly radiate betweena solid center 52 and a circular tapered periphery 54 of disk 16 b.Innermost ends of spokes 48 and 50 are offset from a disk centerline 56.Alternately, a central through hole may be provided at center 52 butsome of the functional benefits may not be fully realized.

Still another configuration is shown in FIG. 6E. Multiple circulargrooves 60 are concentrically arranged above a solid center 62. At least3 and more preferably 7 linearly elongated spokes 64 outwardly radiatefrom an innermost circular groove to a peripheral tapered circulargroove, however, an innermost end of each spoke 64 is offset from acenterline 66. Additional shortened spokes 68 outwardly radiate betweenoutermost groove and the next groove internal therefrom. The shortenedspokes 68 are radially aligned with disk centerline 66.

These different disk patterns of FIGS. 6B through 6E are expected toperform differently depending upon whether polishing or grinding use isdesired and also depending upon the floor materials and characteristicsto be worked upon by the present pad assembly 10. For example, a liquidpolishing or grinding solution is typically employed between the disksand the floor. Therefore, the angle, size, spacing and curvature of thechannels or grooves somewhat dictates the flow of the solution andabrasive action between the disks and floor when the pad assembly isbeing rotated by the powered machine. Moreover, these patterncharacteristics also assist the pads in riding over, or alternatelyabrading, floor surface imperfections such as localized bumps or ridgestherein. It should also be appreciated that polishing or grinding pastesor powders may alternately be employed instead of liquid solutions.Additionally, any of the patterns of FIGS. 6B-6E may have an offsetangle α or have a parallel planar relationship β, or may be used withany of the embodiments disclosed herein. Notwithstanding, these patternshapes also have an ornamental aspect.

FIG. 7 shows an innovative way that polishing pad 10 could be secured toa paddle 326 of a rotating arm 328 of an electric motor powered floorpolishing or grinding machine 350. A hard rubber or plastic disk 332includes a plurality of clips 330 for releasably securing to paddle 326.A panel 334 of hook-and-loop-type hooks (e.g. Velcro®) may be secured tothe bottom of disk 332 and can be removably secured to the fibrous basepad 12. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of machine 350, wherein a plurality ofpolishing pads 10 would be secured for rotation about a center axis.Alternate powered machines may be used to rotate pad assembly 10 such asthose disclosed in the Background section hereinabove.

Other ways could be used to secure polishing pad 10 to machine 350. Inuse, reinforcement ring 14 provides a more rigid surface to whichabrasive tools or disks 16 are secured than base pad 12 would providealone. The thickness and material of reinforcement ring 14 can be variedand selected for particular applications. For example, a more rigidreinforcement ring 14 will have more of a tendency to grind a surface(such as a concrete floor) toward a planar surface, while a moreflexible reinforcement ring 14 will have more of a tendency to followcontours in the surface while polishing or grinding it.

Reference should now be made to FIGS. 9-11 for another embodiment of padassembly 10. A fibrous circular pad 12 and elastomeric or polymericreinforcement ring 14 are essentially as provided hereinabove. It isnoteworthy that inner edge 17 defining the hole of ring 14 has adiameter or linear dimension x which is larger than a linear dimension yof a solid section of ring 14 which is adjacent to one side of the hole.More preferably, hole dimension x is at least twice as large as ringdimension y and more preferably, dimension x is 9 inches. The holerelationship of x>y is expected to improve floor contact by the fibrouscentral portion of pad 12 within the hole defined by internal edge 17 ofring 14. At least 4 and more preferably 7 tools or disks 16 areadhesively attached to a lower surface of reinforcement ring or layer14. Each disk has a diameter of 1-2.5 inches and more preferably 2inches. This disk size and quantity on pad assembly 10 is ideally suitedfor floor-grinding and provides improved floor contact as compared toprior constructions which used 3 inch diameter disks and were arrangedin a quantity of less than 7 per pad assembly. Notwithstanding, thepresent dimensional relationships and the arrangement and quantity ofdisks about the ring also have ornamental aspects.

Each disk 16 of this embodiment has an offset angle α between a nominalgenerally flat, floor-contacting surface 70 of disk pattern 30 and anupper base surface 72 (upper when in the functional position withsurface 70 against the floor). Angle α is at least 2 degrees, morepreferably at least 2-10 degrees, or 4 degrees, and even more preferably4-10 degrees. Surface 70 is preferably parallel to a nominal surface 73defined by the most depressed portions of the circular and radialgrooves. Upper surface 72 of the base of each disk is preferablyparallel to the mating lower surface 74 of reinforcement ring 14 andalso both lower and upper surfaces 76 and 78, respectively, of pad 12.An apex of angle α and thinnest portion is preferably adjacent aninboard edge 80 of each disc while the thickest portion of each disk 16is preferably at an outboard edge 82. While each disk 16 is shown asbeing of the FIG. 6E pattern, it should be appreciated that it isalternately envisioned that the other disk patterns disclosedhereinabove may also be employed with this embodiment although all ofthe functional benefits may or may not be fully realized.

FIGS. 12-14 show another embodiment of pad assembly 10. Thisconfiguration is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 9 except that thereare 8 of the disks 16 mounted to lower surface 74 of reinforcement ring14. Disks 16 are all equilaterally spaced apart from each other and arealso equally spaced apart from a centerline 88 of pad 12. Thisconfiguration is ideally suited for a final polishing operationalthough, it should also be appreciated that there are ornamentalaspects to this embodiment as well.

Referring now to FIGS. 15-18, in a further embodiment of pad assembly10, fibrous pad 12 is essentially the same as that in the priorembodiments. A circular reinforcement ring or layer 14 is like thatpreviously described with hole dimension x being greater than anadjacent solid side dimension y of ring 14. However, hole dimension x isat least 8 inches, preferably exactly 8 inches, while y dimension is atleast 6 inches, and more preferably exactly 6 inches.

Two sets of tools or disks 16 and 116 are adhesively attached to lowersurface 74 of reinforcement ring 14. The disk sets have differingcharacteristics from each other, such as size, pattern, angles, gritcoarseness, material composition, or the like. Furthermore, the firstset of disks 16 are radially offset from and circumferentiallyalternating with the second set of disks 116.

Inner first set of disks 16 each have a diameter of 2 inches and anangle α of 2-10 degrees, more preferably at least 4 degrees. Aninnermost edge 80 of each disc 16 is generally aligned with inner edge17 of ring 14. Conversely, each of the outer second set of disks has itsnominal floor-contacting surface or plane 170 at a dimensionalrelationship or zero angle β generally parallel to a top surface 172 ofits base which is also parallel to lower surface 74 of ring 14 and thetop and bottom surfaces of fibrous pad 12. An outermost edge 182 of eachof the second disks 116 is generally aligned with the peripheralsurfaces of ring 14 and fibrous pad 12. Moreover, each second disk 116has a diameter less than that of first disk 16, and more preferably 1.5inches.

The angle α of disks 16 (of both this and the other offset angledembodiments disclosed herein) compensates for the inherent uneven wearthat occurs when the powered machine rotates pad assembly 10 while themachine also tends to provide more downward force closer to thecenterline than at the peripheral portions of the pad assembly. This isexpected to improve longevity and polishing/grinding consistency when inuse. Furthermore, the disk and ring configurations of the FIG. 15-18embodiment are ideally suited for a pre-polishing step between grindingand polishing, although certain ornamental aspects of this constructionare also achieved.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 19-21. This exemplary embodiment employsa fibrous pad 12 and disks 16 like that of FIG. 13. A reinforcement ringor layer 114, however, has a wavy or undulating inner edge 117 defininga hole therein to expose a central portion of fibrous pad 12. Ring 114has peaks 140, with a greater radial distance between an outerperipheral edge 142 and inner edge 117 of ring 114. Spaced betweenadjacent peaks 140 are valleys 144 where the radial dimension orthickness is less between outer peripheral edge 142 and inner edge 117of ring 114. This wavy or undulating ring shape maximizes the centerhole area, and thereby floor-to-fibrous pad contact. The hole isessentially surrounded by the abrading tools or disks 16. Nevertheless,there are also ornamental aspects to this design. While the bottom orworking disk nominal surface-to-ring and pad angle α is preferablyoffset angled by 2-10 degrees, and more preferably at least 4 degrees,(see FIG. 21), it is alternately envisioned in FIG. 22 that such couldbe given a parallel planar relationship of β instead although some ofthe functional advantages may not be realized. Both of the FIGS. 21 and22 configurations have the outermost peripheral edge 182 of each disk 16substantially aligned with peripheral edges 142 of ring 114 and 146 ofpad 12.

While various embodiments have been disclosed, it should be appreciatedthat additional variations of the pad assembly are also envisioned. Forexample, while preferred dimensions have been disclosed hereinabove, itshould alternately be appreciated that other dimensions may be employed;for example a peripheral pad diameter of at least 10 inches may beemployed and disk diameters of 0.5-2.5 inches may also be employed.Moreover, circular peripheral shapes for the pad, reinforcement ring anddisks are preferred, however, other arcuate or even generally polygonalperipheral shapes may be used although certain of the present advantagesmay not be fully realized. While certain materials have been disclosedit should be appreciated that alternate materials may be used althoughall of the present advantages may not be fully achieved. It is alsonoteworthy that any of the preceding features may be interchanged andintermixed with any of the others; by way of example and not limitation,any of the disclosed reinforcement ring shapes and/or sizes may beemployed with or without angular disks, with any of the aforementioneddisk patterns and/or with any of the disk-to-disk positioning.Accordingly, any and/or all of the dependent claims may depend from allof their preceding claims and may be combined together in anycombination. By way of further example, any of the previously discloseddisk patterns may be employed with or without offset angular disksurfaces and/or with any of the disk-to-disk positioning. Variations arenot to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and allsuch modifications are entitled to be included within the scope andsprit of the present invention.

1-36. (canceled)
 37. A reinforcement ring for polishing or grinding, thereinforcement ring comprising: an upper surface; a floor-facing lowersurface; a peripheral surface comprising a peripheral edge; a centralhole comprising an internal edge; and abrasive tools, wherein theabrasive tools are disks comprising a floor-contacting nominal surfacethat comprises a plurality of grooves carved into the nominal surfacethat form discontinuities in the nominal surface, wherein the groovesinclude a plurality of circular grooves and a plurality of lineargrooves, wherein the circular grooves are concentric with respect to acenter of each of the abrasive tools, wherein the linear grooves extendin a radial direction with respect to the center of each of the abrasivetools, and wherein at least some of the linear grooves contact all ofthe circular grooves and some others of the linear grooves contact lessthan all of the circular grooves.
 38. The reinforcement ring accordingto claim 37, wherein the reinforcement ring comprises a flexiblematerial.
 39. The reinforcement ring according to claim 37, wherein thedisks are secured to the lower surface of the reinforcement ring. 40.The reinforcement ring according to claim 39, wherein the disks areequidistantly disposed from each other.
 41. The reinforcement ringaccording to claim 40, wherein the disks have a diameter of at least oneinch.
 42. The reinforcement ring according to claim 37, wherein each ofthe plurality of linear grooves and each of the plurality of circulargrooves disposed throughout the nominal surface have a constant width.43. The reinforcement ring according to claim 41, wherein thereinforcement ring has at least six abrasive tools disposed thereon. 44.The reinforcement ring according to claim 39, wherein the disks contactthe peripheral edge.
 45. The reinforcement ring according to claim 39,wherein the disks contact the internal edge.
 46. The reinforcement ringaccording to claim 39, wherein at least some of the disks contact theinternal edge and at least some of the disks the peripheral edge.
 47. Areinforcement ring for polishing or grinding, the reinforcement ringcomprising: an upper surface; a floor-facing lower surface; a peripheralsurface comprising a peripheral edge; a central hole comprising aninternal edge; and abrasive tools, wherein the abrasive tools are disks,wherein the disks are secured to the lower surface of the reinforcementring, and wherein the disks are disposed along one of the peripheraledge or the internal edge of the reinforcement ring such that a diameterof each disk extends to cover greater than about 70% of a distance fromthe peripheral edge to the internal edge of the reinforcement ring. 48.The reinforcement ring according to claim 47, wherein the diameter ofeach disk extends to cover greater than about 90% of the distance fromthe peripheral edge to the internal edge of the reinforcement ring. 49.The reinforcement ring according to claim 47, wherein the disks aresecured to the lower surface of the reinforcement ring.
 50. Thereinforcement ring according to claim 47, wherein the disks areequidistantly disposed from each other along the peripheral edge. 51.The reinforcement ring according to claim 47, wherein the disks areequidistantly disposed from each other along the internal edge.
 52. Thereinforcement ring according to claim 49, wherein the disks have adiameter of at least one half of an inch.
 53. A reinforcement ring forpolishing or grinding, the reinforcement ring comprising: an uppersurface; a floor-facing lower surface; a peripheral surface comprising aperipheral edge; a central hole comprising an internal edge; andabrasive tools, wherein the abrasive tools are disks, wherein the disksare secured to the lower surface of the reinforcement ring, and whereinthe disks are disposed equidistantly from each other around the lowersurface of the reinforcement ring such that a diameter of each diskexceeds a distance between perimeters of adjacent disks.
 54. Thereinforcement ring according to claim 53, wherein the reinforcement ringcomprises a flexible material.
 55. The reinforcement ring according toclaim 53, wherein the disks are equidistantly disposed from each otheralong the peripheral edge.
 56. The reinforcement ring according to claim53, wherein the disks are equidistantly disposed from each other alongthe internal edge.